Diet and ADHD: Foods That Help (and Hurt) Kids

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You’re packing lunch, and your child’s teacher calls again. The morning was another rough one. You start to wonder, could what they’re eating be part of the problem? For many parents, that question is an important first step toward understanding how food choices can influence focus, energy, and mood.

While no single diet can “fix” ADHD, nutrition plays a powerful role in how children feel and function each day. The right foods can help kids think more clearly, feel calmer, and stay focused longer. Others can make it harder to sit still, pay attention, or manage emotions.

Here’s what every parent should know about an effective ADHD diet for kids, including which foods help, which to limit, and how to create a healthy, balanced plan that supports your child’s brain and body.

Why Diet Matters for Kids with ADHD

ADHD is not caused by food, but what children eat can make a noticeable difference in how symptoms show up. Some kids are sensitive to sugar, artificial dyes, or processed foods, while others may feel calmer and more in control after eating protein, complex carbohydrates, and foods rich in healthy fats.

A balanced approach to eating can stabilize blood sugar, improve concentration, and even support better sleep. (For more on that connection, read our guide on Sleep and ADHD: Why NJ Kids Struggle and How to Help.)

Think of food as fuel for the brain. When it’s steady and nourishing, your child’s brain can work more efficiently. When it’s inconsistent or filled with quick-burning ingredients, the brain struggles to keep up.

The Best Foods to Help ADHD in Kids

Protein: A Strong Start for the Brain

Protein helps the brain make important chemicals that support focus and attention. It also keeps energy levels steady throughout the day. Foods like eggs, lean meats, fish, beans, and nuts are excellent sources.

Try serving a protein-rich breakfast before school, like scrambled eggs or Greek yogurt with fruit. Adding protein to afternoon snacks can also prevent the late-day slump that many parents notice after school.

Complex Carbohydrates: Steady Energy, Better Focus

Simple sugars from candy or white bread can cause energy spikes followed by quick crashes. Complex carbohydrates, like oatmeal, brown rice, sweet potatoes, and whole-grain pasta, break down slowly and provide steady fuel for the brain.

Fruits and vegetables count here too. Offer colorful options like berries, apples, carrots, and leafy greens to provide fiber and natural vitamins that support focus and overall health.

Healthy Fats: Brain Food that Supports Attention

Healthy fats, especially omega-3 fatty acids, are essential for brain development and function. Children who eat foods rich in omega-3s often show improved attention and less impulsivity.

Good sources include salmon, tuna, chia seeds, flaxseeds, and walnuts. If your child doesn’t like fish, try blending ground flaxseed into oatmeal or smoothies. Even small changes can make a big difference over time.

Key Nutrients: The Unsung Heroes

Iron, zinc, magnesium, and vitamin D all play quiet but important roles in brain function. A diet that includes leafy greens, lean meats, fortified milk or plant-based alternatives, and nuts or seeds can help fill in these nutritional gaps.

For picky eaters, it’s okay to start small. Gradually introduce one new food at a time and celebrate each success.

Foods to Avoid with an ADHD Child

Knowing what to limit is just as important as knowing what to include. Certain foods can make symptoms worse in some children. Here are a few to watch for:

Sugary Foods and Drinks

While sugar doesn’t cause ADHD, many parents notice that sweets and sugary drinks can make their child more energetic or irritable. Too much sugar can also cause energy crashes later in the day, making it harder to focus.

Try cutting back on soda, chocolate milk, candy, and pastries. Offer naturally sweet options like fruit or yogurt with a drizzle of honey instead.

Artificial Dyes and Additives

Some children are more sensitive to artificial food dyes and preservatives. These are often found in brightly colored cereals, candy, fruit snacks, and flavored drinks.

Reading labels can make a big difference. Look for shorter ingredient lists and foods that use natural colors or no dyes at all.

Refined and Processed Foods

Highly processed snacks, fast foods, and white-flour products provide quick bursts of energy but little lasting nutrition. They can cause blood sugar spikes that make focus and emotional regulation more difficult.

Whenever possible, choose whole-grain bread instead of white, or homemade meals instead of boxed options. Even swapping out one snack a day for something fresh can help your child feel more balanced.

Food Sensitivities

Every child is different. Some parents notice that milk, chocolate, or certain preservatives seem to worsen symptoms. If you suspect a specific trigger, keep a simple food diary and share it with your child’s pediatrician or a registered dietitian.

Elimination Diets and Careful Observation

An elimination diet for kids with ADHD involves temporarily removing certain foods to see how they affect behavior. This might include artificial dyes, preservatives, dairy, or gluten.

For some families, this approach can reveal clear patterns, but it should always be done with professional guidance. Removing entire food groups without supervision can lead to nutrient gaps or unnecessary stress at mealtime.

The goal isn’t to restrict your child’s diet, but to understand how specific foods influence their energy and focus. A pediatrician or dietitian experienced with ADHD nutrition can help create a safe plan and track changes.

A Sample Day of Healthy Eating for Children with ADHD

Here’s a look at what a balanced day of eating might include:

MealExampleWhy It Works
BreakfastWhole-grain oatmeal with berries and a scrambled eggCombines complex carbs and protein for lasting energy
Morning SnackApple slices with peanut butterFiber and protein help prevent mid-morning crashes
LunchGrilled chicken wrap on whole-grain tortilla with vegetablesLean protein supports focus and stamina
Afternoon SnackHummus with carrot sticks or whole-grain crackersFiber and healthy fats keep energy steady
DinnerSalmon or lean beef with quinoa and steamed broccoliOmega-3s and iron support brain health
Evening SnackGreek yogurt with chia seedsProtein and healthy fats before bedtime

Keeping mealtimes predictable helps kids feel secure and supports stable energy levels throughout the day. Encourage regular water intake as well, since dehydration can make it harder to concentrate.

The Truth About Sugar and ADHD

Parents often ask if sugar makes ADHD worse. While sugar doesn’t cause the condition, it can certainly influence behavior. Children who eat a lot of sugary foods may experience sudden bursts of energy followed by fatigue or irritability.

A simple way to manage this is to limit sugary snacks and desserts to special occasions and pair sweets with protein or fiber to slow absorption. Over time, kids often adjust to less sugary foods and even start to prefer them.

Building Healthier Habits as a Family

Making dietary changes doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Start with small, realistic goals. Replace one processed snack with fruit, add one extra serving of vegetables, or swap soda for flavored water.

Involve your child in the process. Let them help pick out a new fruit at the grocery store or choose a healthy recipe for dinner. Kids are more likely to try new foods when they feel included.

For families in New Jersey and New York, consider consulting a pediatric dietitian or behavioral specialist familiar with ADHD nutrition for kids. At the ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center, we often guide parents in creating meal plans that support both brain health and emotional well-being.

If you’re also working on routines and boundaries, you might find our post on Discipline Strategies That Work for Children with ADHD helpful—it pairs well with these nutrition tips for a whole-child approach.

Key Takeaways for Parents

  • Focus on whole foods: protein, complex carbs, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables.
  • Be mindful of sugar, dyes, and processed foods that may affect focus and mood.
  • Remember that every child’s body is different; keep track of patterns and discuss them with your healthcare provider.
  • Build consistency: regular meals, hydration, and balanced nutrition support steady energy and behavior.
  • Ask for help if you need it. Our clinicians and nutrition partners can help you create a plan that fits your family’s lifestyle.

Final Thoughts: Building a Better ADHD Diet for Kids at Home

Supporting a child with ADHD involves patience, structure, and care in many areas of life, including diet. The right foods can help kids feel calmer, more focused, and better equipped to manage their day.

A thoughtful ADHD diet for kids isn’t about perfection; it’s about progress. Each healthy meal, each small swap, and each mindful choice helps your child’s brain work at its best.

At the ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center, we believe that every child deserves the tools and support to thrive. If you’re ready to learn more about how nutrition fits into your child’s care plan, contact our team to schedule a consultation today. Together, we can help your child feel their best — inside and out.

Sources:

  1. ADHD in Kids: The Link Between Diet and Symptom Management – Hackensack Meridian Health
  2. Foods that feed your ADHD mind – UCLA Health

Sleep and ADHD: Why NJ Kids Struggle and How to Help

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It’s a scenario all to common for many people, especially families with kids – trouble sleeping. But sleep challenges with ADHD in New Jersey can get quite exhausting, literally. Even bedtime itself becomes tiring! Those sleep struggles like restlessness and bedtime resistance do a number on children and their parents. But, understanding why these issues happen—and what can help—can bring structure and calm back to nightly routines.

Quick Answer: What Parents Should Know About ADHD and Sleep

Up to 70% of children with ADHD experience sleep difficulties, according to many national studies. These ADHD sleep problems NJ arise from a mix of biology, behavior, and environment. Families can help kids sleep better by building consistent routines, using calming pre-bed rituals, and working with professionals when needed.

How Common Are ADHD Sleep Problems in NJ Kids?

Sleep challenges are among the most frequent struggles for kids with ADHD. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that about 40% of U.S. children diagnosed with ADHD get less sleep than recommended for their age. That sleep inadequacy leads to anxiety, irritability, and poorer learning outcomes.

A 2022 Frontiers in Pediatrics study found that 74.6% of children with ADHD had coexisting sleep disorders, while global estimates range between 35% and 70%. Similarly, 2023 research in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry identified five major sleep profiles, ranging from insomnia and delayed sleep phase to bedtime resistance and parasomnias.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) confirms that sleep issues often overlap with ADHD, complicating both diagnosis and treatment. For NJ families, ADHD sleep problems NJ often lead to morning chaos, poor focus in school, and emotional exhaustion that affects the entire household.

Different Types of Sleep Struggles in Children with ADHD

Sleep Profile% of ADHD ChildrenKey TraitsAssociated Factors
Insomnia/Delayed Sleep Phase36%Difficulty falling asleep, late bedtimeCircadian rhythm delay, dopamine imbalance
Generalized Difficulties25%Restless nights, frequent wakingsEmotional and behavioral comorbidities
High Anxious/Bedtime Resistance11%Anxiety, refusal to go to bedParent stress, oppositional behavior
Overnight Difficulties5%Nightmares, sleep apnea, parasomniasHyperactivity and impulsivity
No Difficulties22%Normal sleepFewer comorbid conditions

These patterns highlight how differently NJ children’s ADHD-related insomnia can appear. One child might lie awake for hours with racing thoughts. Another could drift off easily but wake again and again throughout the night. Both patterns leave drive kids and their parents to the breaking point by the morning.

Why ADHD Makes It So Hard for Kids to Fall and Stay Asleep

The link between ADHD and sleep goes both ways. Children with ADHD often have delayed melatonin release and irregular dopamine activity. This makes it harder for their brains to “shut down” at night, keeping them alert when they should be resting.

Behavioral habits compound the problem. Many NJ families juggle brain-overstimulating activities like late sports, homework, and screen time. Once bedtime gets pushed back, the body’s internal clock adjusts to staying up late. It becomes a vicious cycle that takes serious willpower to break. Stimulant medication can also delay sleep if taken too late, but that varies by child.

Stress and family dynamics play a role, too. Parents who describe bedtime as “a battle” are not alone. Many children feel anxious at night, fearing they’ll get in trouble for not sleeping. These moments can strain family relationships, especially when parents are also exhausted from trying to help kids sleep.

A New Jersey Parent’s Perspective on Bedtime Challenges

Imagine a child in Morris County who finishes soccer practice at 7:30 p.m., eats dinner by 8, then still has homework to do. By the time screens go off, it’s already 9:30—and their mind is buzzing with energy. By 10:30, they’re wide awake, frustrated, and restless.

This is a familiar pattern behind many ADHD sleep problems in NJ. Breaking that pattern requires aligning schedules, routines, and environments to match how children’s brains actually function.

How Poor Sleep Makes ADHD Symptoms Worse

When kids lose sleep, their ADHD symptoms escalate. The CDC links short sleep duration to worsening attention, memory, and behavior. For children already managing ADHD, tiredness can make them more impulsive and emotionally reactive.

The Frontiers in Pediatrics study found that greater sleep disturbances directly correlated with higher ADHD symptom severity. Over time, poor sleep reduces emotional control and increases daytime frustration. Families may notice children becoming more irritable or “wired” after restless nights.

These sleep challenges with ADHD in New Jersey create a domino effect: morning meltdowns, skipped breakfasts, and chaotic school drop-offs. Once fatigue sets in, it gets much harder to focus in class or complete homework, deepening the cycle.

Signs Your Child’s Sleep Issues May Be Linked to ADHD

It’s normal for children to have an occasional restless night, but ADHD-related sleep issues tend to be ongoing. Look for:

  • Taking longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep most nights
  • Waking many times or talking in sleep
  • Difficulty waking up in the morning
  • Mood swings or crying fits after poor rest
  • Increased hyperactivity following sleepless nights

If several of these signs appear regularly, it’s likely your child is experiencing ADHD sleep problems in NJ.

The Daily Impact of Sleep Loss on NJ Families

Insufficient rest affects far more than bedtime. The NIMH reports that ADHD-related sleep loss impairs attention, learning, and social interaction. Fatigued children are more susceptible to frustration, poor decision-making, and impulsive behavior.

In New Jersey, where many schools start before 8 a.m., late nights hit especially hard. Parents describe needing many alarms or constant reminders to get kids moving in the morning. That strain gradually grinds down on grades, friendships, and family peace.

Fortunately, even small adjustments can help kids sleep better. When routines become consistent, mornings become calmer, and children begin to show noticeable improvements in mood and concentration.

Proven Strategies NJ Parents Can Use to Help Kids Sleep Better

1. Keep a Consistent Routine

Set regular bedtimes and wake-up times, even on weekends. The CDC emphasizes that structured schedules help the body recognize when it’s time to rest and reduce bedtime resistance.

2. Create a Calming Wind-Down Period

Start relaxing an hour before bed. Activities like reading, quiet music, or light stretching help transition from stimulation to rest. Avoid emotional discussions or homework during this period.

3. Limit Screens and Light

Devices emit blue light that delays melatonin. Research shows screen exposure before bed can extend the time it takes to fall asleep. Turning off electronics an hour early can help kids sleep more quickly and soundly.

4. Optimize the Bedroom

Make the space cool, dark, and quiet. White-noise machines, soft lighting, or weighted blankets can promote comfort. For sensitive sleepers, even small changes, like blackout curtains, can improve rest.

5. Reinforce Positive Behavior

Rewarding cooperation is always a better idea than punishing disobedience. Small incentives, such as stickers or praise for staying in bed, encourage children to work on positive sleep habits over time.

6. Manage Nighttime Anxiety

Many kids with ADHD also experience anxiety that peaks at bedtime. Techniques like deep breathing, mindfulness, or visualization can reduce worry. Parents can also review the next day’s plan to ease uncertainty.

7. Seek Professional Guidance

If behavioral strategies aren’t enough, consult your pediatrician or an ADHD specialist. Adjusting medication timing or introducing short-term sleep interventions may help. Melatonin can be beneficial but should only be used under medical supervision.

When It’s Time to Ask for Professional Sleep Support

If your child’s sleep challenges persist for over three months, consider a professional evaluation. NJ offers several pediatric sleep clinics and behavioral specialists who can assess patterns like insomnia, delayed sleep phase, or breathing-related issues.

Seek help if your child:

  • Snores or gasps while sleeping
  • Shows extreme fatigue during the day
  • Has recurring nightmares or night anxiety
  • Struggles academically despite steady routines

Addressing NJ children’s ADHD-related insomnia early can prevent emotional burnout and school difficulties from worsening.

Key Takeaways for Parents Managing ADHD Sleep Problems NJ

  • Up to 70% of children with ADHD face sleep issues.
  • Sleep challenges with ADHD in New Jersey stem from biological, behavioral, and emotional causes.
  • Fatigue worsens impulsivity, inattention, and frustration.
  • Consistent routines and calm bedtime rituals help kids sleep better.
  • Professional guidance ensures lasting progress for children and families.

Helping NJ Kids Sleep Better and Thrive

Improving sleep for children with ADHD is about creating balance. For New Jersey families, addressing ADHD sleep problems NJ starts with consistency, calm, and realistic expectations.

Simple steps like reducing screen time, dimming lights earlier, and maintaining predictable schedules can transform restless nights into peaceful ones. Over time, these efforts help kids sleep more deeply, focus better, and approach each new day with confidence.

With empathy, structure, and expert support when needed, NJ parents can build healthier sleep habits, and stronger mornings, for their children.

Resources

Claussen AH, Dimitrov LV, Bhupalam S, Wheaton AG, Danielson ML. Short Sleep Duration: Children’s Mental, Behavioral, and Developmental Disorders and Demographic, Neighborhood, and Family Context in a Nationally Representative Sample, 2016–2019. Prev Chronic Dis 2023;20:220408. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.220408.

National Institute of Mental Health – Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Sciberras E, Hiscock H, Cortese S, Becker SP, Fernando JW, Mulraney M. Variation in sleep profiles in children with ADHD and associated clinical characteristics. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2023;64(10):1462-1469. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13835

Yin H, Yang D, Yang L and Wu G (2022) Relationship between sleep disorders and attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder in children. Front. Pediatr. 10:919572. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.919572

The 30% Rule in ADHD Explained Simply for Parents

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Understanding Executive Function Delays and How to Support Your Child’s Daily Success

You tell your child to start homework, and 45 minutes later, the pencil still hasn’t moved.

For many parents, this moment is all too familiar. You give plenty of reminders, set timers, maybe even sit next to your child, but tasks still take longer than expected. If you’ve ever wondered why kids with ADHD seem “behind” on time management, organization, or daily routines, the answer often lies in what experts call the 30% Rule in ADHD.

This simple idea can completely change how you understand and respond to your child’s struggles with follow-through, chores, or transitions. Here’s what every parent should know about the 30% Rule, how it connects to executive function delay, and how to apply it in your home in realistic, compassionate ways.

What Is the 30% Rule in ADHD?

The ADHD 30% rule is a shorthand for a well-documented neurological reality:

On average, children and teens with ADHD operate about 30% behind their chronological age in executive functioning (EF) skills.

That means a 10-year-old with ADHD might manage time, emotions, and self-control more like a 7-year-old. A 16-year-old might have the executive functioning skills of an 11- or 12-year-old.

This doesn’t mean your child is immature or “lazy.” It means that the parts of the brain responsible for planning, organizing, prioritizing, and managing time, called the prefrontal cortex, develop on a slower timeline in individuals with ADHD.

Researchers like Dr. Russell Barkley, a leading ADHD expert, have described this as a developmental lag, not a lack of intelligence or motivation. The difference is neurological, not moral. To better understand how ADHD challenges can change with age, explore The Hardest Age for ADHD in NJ Kids—and How to Help.

Why the 30% Rule Matters for Parents

Once you understand this rule, everyday frustrations start to make more sense.

When your child melts down because they can’t find their shoes or forgets a project even after reminders, you’re not seeing defiance, you’re seeing executive function delay in ADHD.

Understanding the 30% rule helps parents adjust expectations to match where their child is, not where they “should” be on paper. This shift reduces stress for both parent and child and opens the door to more effective support strategies.

Think of it this way: You wouldn’t hand a 10-year-old a car key and expect them to drive just because they’re smart enough to understand traffic laws. In the same way, a 12-year-old with ADHD may know what to do but still struggle to execute without scaffolding and structure.

The Science Behind Executive Function Delays

Executive functions (EF) are the mental “managerial” skills that help us get things done, such as:

  • Inhibition: pausing before acting or speaking
  • Working memory: holding information long enough to act on it
  • Planning and organization: mapping steps to reach a goal
  • Time management: understanding how long tasks take
  • Emotional regulation: staying calm under frustration

In ADHD, these processes are often delayed or inconsistent. Studies using brain imaging show reduced activity and slower maturation in areas responsible for executive control, particularly the prefrontal cortex.

That’s why many kids with ADHD experience what’s sometimes called time blindness, a difficulty perceiving time accurately. This is where the “add 30% more time” rule becomes practical.

How to Apply the 30% Rule at Home

Here’s how parents can use the 30% Rule ADHD framework in daily life, especially for routines, chores, and homework.

1. Adjust time expectations

If your 10-year-old neurotypical child needs 20 minutes to get ready for school, expect your ADHD 10-year-old to need closer to 26 minutes (20 + 30%), and likely more support during transitions.

When planning homework or bedtime routines, add 30% more time to whatever you think is reasonable. This reduces frustration for both of you.

Example:

  • A 30-minute assignment? Plan for 40 minutes.
  • A 10-minute cleanup? Budget 13 minutes and chunk it (“clothes first, then toys”).

This simple time management strategy for ADHD kids honors their pace without lowering expectations for effort or follow-through.

2. Scale expectations for executive age

If your child is 12 but functions more like 9 in self-management, meet them there.

That might mean:

  • Giving visual reminders (charts, timers, checklists)
  • Offering step-by-step instructions instead of vague ones (“clean your room” → “pick up clothes, make bed, put toys away”)
  • Using consistent routines and positive reinforcement

This isn’t “babying” your child. It’s teaching to their executive age, the level where their brain skills are currently operating.

3. Use backward planning

Backward planning is a great time management strategy for ADHD kids with executive lag. Start with the due date and work backward to schedule each step.

Example:
If a science project is due Friday, help your child map it out like this:

  • Wednesday: Build display board
  • Tuesday: Write summary
  • Monday: Gather materials
  • Sunday: Brainstorm ideas

Building this structure helps kids “see” time, which is a key struggle for those with ADHD time blindness.

4. Support emotional regulation

The 30% rule doesn’t just apply to chores and homework. It also explains emotional reactions.

A 13-year-old with ADHD might have the emotional regulation of a 9-year-old. That means bigger feelings, quicker frustration, and slower recovery.

Instead of saying, “You’re too old to act like this,” try:

“I know that felt really big. Let’s take a break and come back to it.”

This mindset models calm, empathy, and skill-building, which are key for long-term resilience.

5. Build consistent, visual routines

Kids with ADHD thrive when the environment compensates for executive function gaps.

Try:

  • Morning visual checklists (photos or icons work great for younger kids)
  • Color-coded schedules for homework and activities
  • Timers or time-blocking apps to show time passing
  • Cue-based transitions: “When the timer dings, it’s time to pack up.”

These ADHD routines for school-aged kids reduce the burden on working memory and help turn “nagging” into visual structure.

When Parents Feel Frustrated

Even with strategies, it’s normal for parents to feel tired or discouraged. Remember, your child’s behavior is a symptom, not defiance. The 30% Rule helps reframe your mindset:

  • Instead of “They should know this by now,” think “They’re still developing this skill.”
  • Instead of “Why can’t they focus?” ask “What supports will help them get started?”

Progress may feel slow, but with consistent support, EF skills strengthen over time. ADHD brains can and do develop strategies for success. It just takes extra guidance and patience.

When to Consider Professional Support

If you’re consistently seeing struggles with time management, focus, or emotional regulation that interfere with school or family life, it might be time for a comprehensive ADHD evaluation.

An evaluation can clarify whether executive function challenges are part of ADHD or another condition such as anxiety, learning differences, or depression.

Clinicians may use behavior checklists, interviews, and performance-based tasks to understand how your child’s brain processes information.

Tip for parents: Look for professionals experienced in ADHD executive function assessments. They can help tailor interventions to your child’s specific strengths and challenges.

Key Takeaways for Parents

✅ The ADHD 30% rule means your child’s executive functioning may lag 30% behind their actual age.
✅ This lag affects time management, emotional control, organization, and follow-through.
✅ You can use the “add 30% more time” principle for tasks, transitions, and routines to reduce frustration.
✅ Support your child’s executive age, not just their chronological one, through structure, visuals, and positive reinforcement.
✅ Executive function growth is ongoing, and patience and consistency matter more than perfection.

Final Thoughts for Parents

Parenting a child with ADHD isn’t about lowering expectations. It’s about right-sizing them. When you adjust timelines and supports using the 30% Rule, you meet your child where they are and help them move forward with confidence.

You’ll notice fewer battles, more cooperation, and a calmer household rhythm. Most importantly, your child will feel seen and understood, not as “behind,” but as developing on their own unique timeline.

If you’re a parent in New Jersey wondering how to better support your child’s ADHD executive function skills, remember, you don’t have to navigate it alone. Compassion, structure, and realistic expectations go a long way toward helping kids with ADHD thrive both at home and in school.

ADHD vs Autism in Children: Key Differences Parents Must Know

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Picture this: your child is bouncing from task to task, forgetting simple instructions, or maybe they’re hyper-focused on lining up toy cars in the exact same pattern every day. Their teacher calls about frequent disruptions, or maybe about social withdrawal. You’re asking yourself: Is my kid ADHD or autistic? Or is it both?

If you’re a parent navigating these behaviors, you’re not alone. Many families in New Jersey, New York, and across the U.S. are trying to understand whether their child might have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), or both. Some questions that families ask themselves often include:

  • Is ADHD a form of autism?
  • Can autism be mistaken for ADHD in children?
  • Are meltdowns ADHD or autism?
  • What are the differences parents really need to know?

Let’s break down the ADHD vs autism differences in children so you can feel more confident understanding what you’re seeing.

What Is ADHD? What Is Autism?

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity. Symptoms often appear before age 12 and can interfere with functioning in school, home, and social settings. Common signs include:

  • Difficulty staying focused or following instructions
  • Excessive movement or talking
  • Acting without thinking
  • Trouble organizing tasks or managing time

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is also a neurodevelopmental disorder, but it primarily affects social communication, behavior, and sensory processing. Symptoms usually appear by age 2 or 3, although they can sometimes be noticed later. Common characteristics include:

  • Difficulty with social interactions or understanding social cues
  • Restricted interests or repetitive behaviors
  • Strong need for routines or resistance to change
  • Sensory sensitivities (e.g., noise, texture, light)

While both conditions can affect attention, behavior, and learning, they differ significantly in cause, presentation, and treatment.

ADHD vs Autism: Children Can Share Traits, But They’re Distinct

Here’s one thing we want parents to know right away: ADHD and autism are separate, diagnosable neurodevelopmental conditions. But they do often overlap in symptoms, which can make understanding the differences feel complicated.

The Cleveland Clinic notes that between 50-70% of children with autism also have symptoms of ADHD, and many children with ADHD exhibit traits that are also common in autistic children. Still, these are distinct diagnoses, and that distinction matters for both treatment and support.

Until 2013, children couldn’t even be diagnosed with both conditions at once, but with the update of the DSM-5 (the psychiatric diagnostic manual), co-occurring ADHD and autism can now be recognized and diagnosed.

Is ADHD a Form of Autism?

No. ADHD is not a form of autism. While both are classified as neurodevelopmental disorders, they stem from different underlying differences in brain development.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined primarily by challenges with social communication, restricted or repetitive behaviors, and sensory sensitivities. ADHD, on the other hand, is marked by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

Think of them as two separate circles with some overlapping traits in the middle. That overlap is what can make identifying and diagnosing each correctly more challenging.

ADHD vs Autism in Children: What Behaviors Should Parents Look For?

Let’s compare some common behaviors and how they might show up in each condition:

BehaviorMore Typical of ADHDMore Typical of Autism
AttentionEasily distracted, trouble focusing on tasks not of interestMay hyperfocus on specific interests, but ignore others
Social InteractionTalks a lot, may interrupt, impulsive speechDifficulty with social cues, limited eye contact, struggles with back-and-forth conversation
Routines & ChangeDislikes boring tasks but adapts to changeRigid about routines, upset by unexpected changes
MeltdownsOften due to impulsivity or frustrationOften due to sensory overload or disruption of routine
Communication StyleMay blurt out answers or interrupt conversationsMay have delayed speech, flat tone, or very formal language
Sensory SensitivitiesSometimes present, but less definingCommon and often intense

Can Autism Be Mistaken for ADHD in Children?

Yes. In fact, it’s very common. Since both ADHD and autism can involve attention difficulties, social struggles, and emotional outbursts, some children with autism may initially be misdiagnosed with ADHD.

What often happens is that a child is diagnosed with ADHD early, but over time parents or teachers begin to notice behaviors that don’t quite fit – such as poor eye contact, intense fixation on specific topics, or difficulties understanding nonverbal cues. That’s when a more comprehensive evaluation may lead to an autism diagnosis.

Early intervention is helpful for both conditions, so it’s important not to delay evaluation even if the signs aren’t completely clear.

Is It ADHD, Autism, or Both?

That’s a big and important question. About 30-50% of children with autism also meet criteria for ADHD, and vice versa. So, it’s possible your child might be showing signs of both.

For example:

  • A child with both might interrupt frequently in class (ADHD), avoid eye contact (autism), and throw a tantrum when plans change (both).
  • A child with ADHD alone might forget homework, fidget constantly, and struggle to listen, but enjoy group play and adapt easily to change.
  • A child with autism alone might play alone for hours with the same toy, avoid making friends, and have strong preferences about how things are done.

Are Meltdowns ADHD or Autism?

Meltdowns can occur in both children with ADHD and autism, but the causes and triggers often differ:

  • In ADHD, meltdowns may happen due to frustration, impulse control issues, or feeling overwhelmed by tasks they find boring or hard to complete.
  • In autism, meltdowns are more often related to sensory overload, changes in routine, or difficulty communicating needs.

Understanding the “why” behind the behavior is often more important than just labeling it.

Diagnosing ADHD vs Autism: What Parents Can Expect

When a child is referred for evaluation, professionals typically take a comprehensive approach:

  • Parent interviews and developmental history
  • Teacher input and behavior rating scales
  • Standardized assessments for attention, executive function, and social communication
  • Observational data in clinical settings

Why is this thoroughness important? Because a diagnosis isn’t about a single test or checklist. It’s about looking at patterns over time and across environments.

Parents should also know that both ADHD and autism exist on a spectrum. Symptoms may be mild, moderate, or severe. Some children with autism may be verbal and academically strong, while others may have significant developmental delays. Likewise, ADHD can range from mild distractibility to severe impulsivity and emotional dysregulation.

Differences Parents Shouldn’t Ignore

There are a few key signs that may help clarify whether you’re seeing signs of ADHD, autism, or both:

  • Social Disconnect: Children with autism often struggle to form peer relationships and understand social norms in a way that is different from children with ADHD.
  • Language Use: Repetitive phrases, delayed speech, or overly formal speech patterns may point more toward autism.
  • Play Patterns: Repetitive play, intense focus on a specific toy, or unusual interests are more characteristic of autism than ADHD.
  • Impulse vs. Rigidity: Children with ADHD are often impulsive and risk-taking; children with autism are more rigid and risk-averse.

If you’re noticing these differences in your child, it may be time to explore a professional evaluation.

What Should Parents Do Next?

  • Start tracking behaviors: Note when and where certain challenges occur. Are they at home, school, social settings, or across the board?
  • Talk to teachers: Educators often provide helpful observations about focus, peer interaction, and transitions.
  • Don’t wait for “severe” symptoms: Even mild signs can affect your child’s confidence, learning, and friendships.
  • Consider a neurodevelopmental evaluation: A qualified clinician can help determine whether your child has ADHD, autism, or both.

Wrapping Up: Understanding the Differences Between ADHD and Autism in Children

As parents, it’s not about labeling your child. It’s about understanding them.

Knowing whether your child has ADHD vs autism (or both) helps you better support them in school, at home, and socially. It also ensures they get access to the therapies, accommodations, and tools they need to thrive.

If you’re asking questions like Is my child ADHD or autistic? or Can autism be mistaken for ADHD in children? – you’re already on the right track. Trust your instincts, seek answers, and don’t be afraid to ask for help.

At ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center, we specialize in evaluating and supporting children across New Jersey and New York with attention, behavioral, and social communication concerns. We’re here to help you make sense of what you’re seeing and find a path forward.

(This blog is for informational purposes only and does not serve as a substitute for professional diagnosis or treatment.)

Resources:

  1. ADHD vs. Autism: What’s the Difference? – Cleveland Clinic
  2. ADHD and Autism – WebMD
  3. Unraveling the spectrum: overlap, distinctions, and nuances of ADHD and ASD in children – Frontiers in Psychiatry Journal

How to Treat ADHD in Kids: Evidence-Based Options for NJ

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It’s a familiar scene for many parents. Your child sits down to do homework but, within seconds, they’re wandering the room. Or bedtime turns into a long struggle, with restless energy that doesn’t seem to fade. You may wonder: is this typical, or is it something more?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood conditions, affecting about 11% of U.S. children. Fortunately, ADHD is highly manageable with the right, evidence-based ADHD treatment. Let’s take a look at the best ADHD treatment for kids in NJ and how it can make a difference.

Best ADHD Treatment for Kids in NJ: What Parents Should Know

The best ADHD treatment for kids in NJ usually involves four steps: start with behavior therapy and parent training, add school supports like IEPs or 504 plans, reinforce progress with healthy daily routines, and use medication if symptoms remain disruptive. Together, these steps form an evidence-based plan.

  1. Therapy as the foundation – Behavior therapy and parent training are usually the first steps. Parents learn strategies to guide their child’s behavior, while children practice self-regulation skills in a supportive environment.
  2. School-based supports – Many children need classroom accommodations. In NJ, IEPs and 504 plans often provide extended time on tests, seating changes, or behavioral charts to help kids succeed academically.
  3. Lifestyle strategies – Healthy routines—regular exercise, consistent sleep, and balanced nutrition—can reduce symptom intensity. Families often find small changes, like creating a distraction-free homework station, make a big difference.
  4. Medication, when appropriate – For school-age children and teens whose symptoms remain disruptive, medication may be added. Stimulant or non-stimulant options are carefully monitored by pediatricians or child psychiatrists in NJ. Medication works best when combined with therapy and lifestyle supports.

How Do You Treat ADHD in Kids?

ADHD in kids can be managed through therapy, school accommodations, lifestyle strategies, and medication, but experts agree the best treatment overall is behavior therapy and parent training. This approach is most effective when combined with additional supports tailored to each child’s age and needs.

With so many treatment options available, parents often ask: Which is the best?

According to experts at the Mayo Clinic, the most effective ADHD treatment for kids is a combined, evidence-based approach. Behavior therapy and parent training remain the cornerstone, especially for younger children. As kids grow, school supports, structured routines, and sometimes medication are layered in.

No single treatment works for every child, but research consistently shows that a multi-step plan tailored to the child’s needs gives the best results. In other words, the “best” treatment isn’t choosing between therapy, school support, lifestyle, or medication—it’s blending them into one coordinated plan.

ADHD Treatment by Age: Preschoolers, School-Age Children, and Teens

Age GroupRecommended TreatmentKey ConsiderationsLocal Relevance (NJ)
Preschool (under 6 years)Parent training in behavior management, behavior therapyMedications not usually recommended; higher risk of side effectsEarly intervention programs and preschool behavioral specialists are common starting points
School-age (6–12 years)Combination of behavioral interventions and medication (if needed)IEPs or 504 plans for school support; classroom accommodationsSchools in NJ offer extended test time, movement breaks, and behavioral support
Adolescents (13–18 years)Therapy (CBT/DBT), medication if necessary, skills-based group programsFocus on organization, time management, and emotional regulationNJ clinics often provide teen-focused therapy and skill-building programs

 

ADHD Treatment With and Without Medication: What Parents Should Know

Medication Options

ADHD Medication for Kids: A Cautious but Effective Option

Medication TypeExamplesHow It HelpsImportant Notes
StimulantsMethylphenidate, amphetaminesReduce hyperactivity and improve focusMost common; require careful monitoring of growth, appetite, and sleep
Non-stimulantsAtomoxetine, guanfacineUseful when stimulants cause side effects or aren’t effectiveMay take longer to work; fewer risks of misuse
MonitoringRegular follow-up visitsEnsures correct dosage and tracks side effectsIn NJ, doctors often adjust treatment every few months

Non-Medication Options

Treating ADHD Without Medication: What Parents Need to Know

Many children with ADHD benefit from behavioral therapy, parent training, and school supports without medication, especially younger kids. For older children, medication may be added if therapy alone isn’t enough.

For preschool-age children, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends parent training and behavior therapy as the first step in evidence-based ADHD treatment for NJ kids. Younger kids may experience stronger side effects from medication. In school-age children, therapy is still the foundation, but medication may be introduced if it’s not enough.

Some NJ families choose to start with therapy and school-based supports before considering medication. This cautious approach allows them to check progress and side effects step by step.

Behavioral Therapy for Kids with ADHD: Why It’s the First Step

The AAP and the CDC consider behavior therapy the first-line treatment for children under 6 years old. Instead of focusing only on the child, the whole family and school environment get involved.

  • Parent training in behavior management: Parents learn how to set routines, use reward systems, and apply consistent consequences.
  • Classroom-based interventions: Teachers can provide seating changes, structured reminders, or behavioral charts.
  • Daily life supports: Predictable routines and visual schedules help children know what to expect.

In New Jersey schools, behavioral specialists frequently collaborate with families to create IEPs or 504 plans, giving kids the structure they need. This combination of parent involvement and school support reflects the best of evidence-based ADHD treatment.

CBT and DBT in ADHD Treatment: Building Skills That Last

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) are often used for older children and teens with ADHD.

  • CBT: Uses talk therapy in a structured manner to teach practical skills like organizing homework, breaking tasks into smaller steps, and managing frustration when things feel overwhelming.
  • DBT: While originally designed for emotional regulation, DBT skills can help children with ADHD become more mindful, tolerate stress, communicate effectively, and understand their feelings.

In many NJ clinics, therapists integrate CBT and DBT strategies into weekly sessions as part of evidence-based ADHD treatment that gives kids real-world skills they can practice.

The Parent’s Role in Evidence-Based ADHD Treatment

Parents play a central role in ADHD treatment through parent training, setting routines, positive reinforcement, and working with schools and healthcare providers. Evidence shows family involvement improves outcomes.

ADHD management works best when parents are actively involved. Helpful strategies include:

  • Keeping a consistent daily schedule for meals, homework, and bedtime.
  • Using visual charts or planners to reduce forgetfulness.
  • Praising small successes to build self-esteem.
  • Communicating regularly with teachers and therapists.

Parent support groups, both online and in-person, can also be found across many NJ communities. These are places where families can share their struggles, strategies, and encouragement. Evidence-based ADHD treatment for kids in NJ often makes use of these.

Lifestyle Strategies That Support ADHD Treatment at Home

Routine AreaPractical StrategiesWhy It Helps
Daily ScheduleUse consistent wake-up, homework, and bedtime routinesPredictability reduces stress and improves focus
ExerciseSports, martial arts, family walksReleases energy, improves concentration, and reduces restlessness
SleepSet a regular bedtime, reduce screens before bedPrevents worsening of ADHD symptoms caused by fatigue
NutritionBalanced meals with protein-rich foodsStabilizes energy and supports brain function
Home SetupHomework station, family calendarReduces distractions and helps kids stay organized

 

Combining Treatments for ADHD: How a Team Approach Helps Kids Thrive

Most children enjoy a combined treatment plan. For example:

  • Behavior therapy + school supports for younger children.
  • CBT + parent training + medication for older children with persistent symptoms.

Evidence-based ADHD treatment dictates that working together leads to the best outcomes. Pediatricians, therapists, teachers, and parents in NJ often collaborate to ensure consistent support and discipline strategies across home, school, and social settings.

When to Get an ADHD Evaluation for Your Child in NJ

If your child’s challenges are ongoing and affect school, home, or friendships, it may be time to consider an evaluation. Signs include:

  • Persistent struggles with attention, organization, or sitting still.
  • Emotional outbursts that feel disproportionate to the situation.
  • Difficulty keeping up with schoolwork or making friends despite support.

An ADHD evaluation usually includes parent and teacher input, standardized checklists, and a clinical assessment. Families seeking ADHD treatment for kids in NJ can access evaluations through pediatricians, psychologists, or ADHD specialty centers.

Key Takeaways for Parents in NJ

  • Start treatment early. ADHD treatment for kids in NJ can begin as soon as symptoms interfere with daily life. For preschoolers, behavior therapy and parent training are the first steps before considering medication.
  • Evidence-based ADHD care works best. Combining approaches—such as behavior therapy, CBT, parent training, and school supports—gives children the best chance to succeed at home and in the classroom.
  • Medication isn’t always the first option. While stimulants and non-stimulants can be effective, many kids benefit from non-medication approaches first. Any medication plan should be closely monitored by a pediatrician or child psychiatrist in NJ.
  • Parents play a central role. Consistent routines, positive reinforcement, and close communication with teachers and providers form the foundation of effective ADHD treatment. Parent involvement is essential for long-term progress.
  • Lifestyle choices matter. Daily habits like regular exercise, sleep routines, and balanced nutrition can make ADHD symptoms more manageable and support evidence-based ADHD treatment plans.
  • NJ families have support. From school-based accommodations (IEPs and 504 plans) to local therapists and ADHD specialists, families in the region have access to a wide network of resources.

Final Thoughts: Finding the Right ADHD Treatment for Kids in NJ

ADHD is not a reflection of laziness or poor parenting. It’s a brain-based condition that responds well to structured, evidence-based ADHD treatment. With the right combination of therapy, school support, lifestyle changes, and—when appropriate—medication, kids in NJ can thrive.

For families in New Jersey, early evaluation and treatment open doors to better focus, healthier relationships, and greater confidence. If your child’s behaviors feel persistent or overwhelming, reach out to your pediatrician or a local ADHD specialist to discuss next steps. Support is available, and you don’t have to navigate it alone.

References & Resources

ADHD Signs in Kids: What NJ Parents Can’t Afford to Ignore

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ADHD Signs in Kids: What NJ Parents Can’t Afford to Ignore

You’re at work when the teacher calls. “Your child is having trouble staying on task again,” she says gently. Or maybe bedtime has turned into a nightly struggle, with your child bouncing around the room long after lights-out. You chalk it up to energy, but the nagging doubt lingers. What if there’s something more? As a parent, you know your child best. But figuring out whether their behaviors are normal or a sign of something deeper can be confusing. ADHD signs in children can blend into the chaos of everyday life, especially when you’re juggling homework, after-school activities, and routines. In fact, an estimated 11.4% of U.S. children aged 3–17 have ADHD, with diagnoses rising in recent years.

Let’s walk through the real-life signs, what they mean, and how to know when it’s time to seek help. This is especially helpful for families in NJ who want guidance grounded in local expertise.

Common ADHD Signs in Children

Kids with ADHD often show persistent, subtle behaviors that can worry parents in NJ. In fact, these symptoms of kids with ADHD often fall into two categories, inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive, with many kids having a combined type. Here are five common red flags:

  1. Chronic Forgetfulness (Inattentive): Forgetting instructions, homework, or items daily, even with reminders.
  2. Constant Fidgeting (Hyperactive-Impulsive): Unable to sit still during meals, stories, or quiet play.
  3. Impulsive Behavior (Hyperactive-Impulsive): Interrupting conversations, blurting answers, or acting without thinking.
  4. Careless Mistakes (Inattentive): Missing details in schoolwork or chores due to inattention.
  5. Big Emotional Responses (Both): Intense frustration or meltdowns over small issues, like homework struggles.

These behaviors are more than just frustrating moments. Actually, they often reflect a child’s struggle with self-regulation, something that many kids with ADHD find especially difficult.

What’s Actually Happening? A Parent-Friendly Explanation

ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a brain-based condition. It affects how a child manages attention, activity, and impulses. It’s not about discipline or willpower. It’s about how the brain is wired.

Here’s why these symptoms kids with ADHD show are often misunderstood:

  1. Fidgeting and movement help the brain stay alert. These kids aren’t trying to be disruptive; they’re self-regulating their attention.
  2. Interruptions and blurting happen because of poor impulse control, not rudeness.
  3. Forgetfulness is often due to working memory challenges, not carelessness.
  4. Meltdowns stem from difficulty managing emotions, not stubbornness.

According to the NHS, most ADHD symptoms in kids appear before age 12. They usually show up across multiple environments, such as home and school, not just one.

ADHD Signs in Children: Patterns Parents in NJ Should Watch

It’s not about one bad day. It’s about patterns that keep repeating. To spot ADHD, look for behaviors that stand out compared to other kids their age, and know what age ADHD starts in NJ kids. This table compares normal behaviors to possible ADHD signs:

BehaviorNormal (Occasional)Possible ADHD (Persistent)
ForgetfulnessForgets homework once or twice a week.Forgets homework, chores, or items daily, even with reminders.
DistractionLoses focus during boring tasks.Zones out frequently, even during fun activities, at home and school.
RestlessnessFidgets during long sitting periods.Constantly fidgets, squirms, or can’t stay seated, even when expected.
ImpulsivityOccasionally interrupts in excitement.Frequently interrupts or blurts answers, unable to wait turns.

Tip: ADHD behaviors last 6+ months, occur in multiple settings (e.g., home and school), and impact learning or relationships. Also, try keeping a behavior journal for two weeks to spot trends.

How ADHD Behaviors Affect Daily Life

These behaviors show up differently at school, home, and with friends:

  1. At School: Kids may disrupt lessons, can’t stay seated, or make careless mistakes in schoolwork due to inattention.
  2. At Home: They struggle with routines, like getting ready for bed, or have emotional outbursts over small frustrations.
  3. With Friends: They interrupt or have trouble waiting their turn, which can strain friendships.

According to Kids Health, these aren’t signs of laziness. They reflect common challenges with focus and emotional regulation.

When to Consider an ADHD Evaluation

If these behaviors have been ongoing and seem to interfere with your child’s ability to function, it may be time to seek support. You don’t need a definitive answer before reaching out. A professional evaluation can help you understand what’s going on and determine the most effective type of help.

In the fast-paced world of New Jersey, where kids face big demands at school and home, spotting symptoms early can make a huge difference.

Red Flags to Watch For

Consider an evaluation if you see these patterns:

  1. The behaviors have persisted for six months or more
  2. Your child’s actions are clearly different from typical age-based expectations
  3. Trouble keeping up with schoolwork, making friends, or following routines, even with extra support.
  4. Frequent emotional outbursts over small frustrations, like meltdowns over homework or bedtime.

What Does an Evaluation Involve?

Only a qualified professional can diagnose ADHD, and the process is thorough to ensure accuracy. At the ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center in Cedar Knolls, NJ, we take a comprehensive approach to understand your child’s unique needs:

  1. Parent and Teacher Input: Gathering detailed histories from you and your child’s educators.
  2. Standardized Checklists: Using validated ADHD rating scales to measure symptoms like inattention or impulsivity.
  3. Clinical Assessment: Our team, including child psychologists and psychiatrists, evaluates attention, impulse control, and behavior to confirm ADHD and rule out other conditions, like anxiety or learning disabilities.

Also, this process isn’t just about labeling—it’s about clarity.

Practical Steps for Parents:

  1. Talk to teachers about what they observe.
  2. Track behaviors in a journal for two weeks.
  3. Consult your pediatrician for referrals.

Why Act Early?

Catching ADHD early can transform your child’s path. Evaluations open the door to tailored support, whether therapy, school plans, or, if needed, medication, helping kids succeed in NJ’s demanding environments. You don’t need all the answers to start. If these signs feel familiar, reach out to your pediatrician or our team at the ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center. We’re here to guide you with expert, compassionate care.

ADHD Support for Children and Families in NJ

Navigating ADHD is easier with the right help. At the ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center in Cedar Knolls, NJ, we specialize in helping children and families manage ADHD signs in children. Our services include:

  1. Comprehensive evaluations with standardized ADHD testing and behavioral assessments.
  2. Collaboration with parents and educators for accurate insights.
  3. Individual and family therapy, including parent coaching.
  4. Medication management, if needed.
  5. School coordination to build plans for academic success.

Moreover, you can also explore local support groups, child psychologists, or school-based services in NJ for additional guidance. Our goal is to meet each child where they are and help families feel confident.

Final Thoughts for NJ Parents

If you’re seeing these ADHD signs in your child, trust your instincts. You’re not overreacting. You’re paying attention. And in the busy, demanding environments of NJ, early recognition is key.

You don’t have to navigate this alone. If you’re concerned about ADHD symptoms in kids and want to learn more, reach out to your pediatrician or our team at the ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center. A thoughtful evaluation can open the door to support, tools, and understanding that can truly help your child thrive.

???? Key Takeaways for NJ Parents

  1. ADHD signs: forgetfulness, fidgeting, impulsivity, careless mistakes, and strong emotional reactions.
  2. Patterns matter: symptoms last 6+ months, occur in multiple settings, and affect learning/relationships.
  3. Brain-based: ADHD reflects differences in focus and self-regulation—not laziness or poor parenting.
  4. Early action: most symptoms appear before age 12; early evaluation improves outcomes.
  5. Evaluation steps: parent/teacher input, standardized checklists, and a clinical assessment.
  6. Support options: therapy, parent coaching, school accommodations, and (when appropriate) medication.

Resources:

  1. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children – Mayo Clinic
  2. Symptoms of ADHD – CDC
  3. Parenting a Child With ADHD – Kids Health
  4. ADHD in children and young people – NHS

October is ADHD Awareness Month

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What is ADHD?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children (8.4 percent), though it also affects many adults (2.5 percent). General or common symptoms of ADHD include: 

  • Inability to stay focused, which can lead to not paying attention
  • Hyperactivity, which means the person is moving their body too much and/or inappropriately for their setting (for example, bouncing up and down during quiet reading time in school)
  • Acting on impulse in any given moment without thought 

ADHD is most often initially identified in school-aged children because the symptoms lead to disruption in the classroom or problems performing schoolwork. ADHD is more common among boys than girls, though the cause of that factor is unknown.

No specific causes of ADHD have been identified, though some evidence suggests that genetics contribute to ADHD. In approximately 75 percent of cases, a relative of someone with ADHD also has the disorder. Other factors that may be linked to ADHD include premature birth; brain injury; or the mother smoking, drinking alcohol or experiencing extreme stress during pregnancy.

What are ADHD symptoms?

Many ADHD symptoms, such as short attention spans, sitting still for extended periods and high activity levels, are common in most younger children. In children with ADHD, though, their heightened activity level and inability to focus are much more noticeable and greater than expected for their age. Their symptoms also cause distress and problems with daily functioning, whether at home, school or with friends.

ADHD symptoms are not due to the child being defiant or hostile or unable to understand and follow instructions or complete a task.

A diagnosis is typically based on symptoms experienced during the previous six months. ADHD is diagnosed as one of three types: 

  1. Inattentive: six (or five for people >17 years old) of these symptoms occur often:
    • Has a hard time staying focused with activities or tasks, such as listening to lectures, participating in conversations or completing long reading
    • May start tasks, but does not follow through or quickly loses focus
    • Seems to not be listening when spoken to (inattentive)
    • Doesn’t pay close attention to details; makes seemingly careless mistakes in school or at work
    • Is easily distracted
    • Difficulty with organizing and managing time; may miss deadlines and turn in messy work
    • Forgets to do regular daily tasks, such as chores or errands; for older teens and adults, examples include grocery shopping, returning phone calls, going to appointments, paying bills
    • Often loses commonly needed daily items or tools, such as a cell phone, car keys, wallet, schoolbooks
    • Avoids or dislikes (more than average) anything requiring a sustained mental effort
  2. Hyperactive/impulsive type – six (or five for people >17 years) of the following symptoms occur often:
    • Always go, go, go
    • Fidgets, taps hands or feet, squirms in a seat
    • Unable to stay seated in the classroom or at work
    • Runs around or even climbs when and where it is inappropriate
    • Has difficulty waiting for their turn
    • Unable to play or do leisure activities quietly
    • Talks too much (others may not get a word in)
    • Interrupts conversations or in class; may not wait to answer before a question has been finished or is not directed at them; may finish other’s sentences
    • Intrudes into other’s activities without being invited; may even take over a task (a symptom more of older teens and adults)
    • Uses other people’s things without asking permission
  3. Combined type

How is ADHD Diagnosed?

No laboratory tests can diagnose ADHD. Diagnosis involves a medical evaluation to rule out other possible medical problems. Information is gathered from parents, teachers, the patient and possibly others. Checklists also help make a diagnosis. 

What do I do if I notice symptoms in my child?

Though teachers and school staff can provide information about resources or tools to help evaluate behavior and learning problems, they cannot diagnose ADHD or make decisions about treatment or administer medication at school without an official diagnosis. If you are noticing symptoms and/or your child’s teacher brings up behavioral issues, you should start with making an appointment with your child’s pediatrician.

Students diagnosed with ADHD that impairs their learning may qualify for special education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or for a Section 504 plan (for children who do not require special education) under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. These benefits allow children with ADHD to receive instruction on study skills, behavioral modification techniques, changes to their classroom setup (for example, a yoga ball “chair” they can bounce on), alternative teaching techniques and a modified curriculum.

What should I do if I notice symptoms in myself or my adult partner?

Many adults with ADHD are unaware they have the disorder. Often, an adult partner or other close person who starts to recognize symptoms. If you recognize symptoms in either yourself or your partner, make an appointment with your primary care physician. They will be able to help begin the diagnosis process and provide you with referrals and resources. 

The diagnosis procedure is the same as for children, but with the use of adult rating scales or checklists. Adults with ADHD are typically treated with medication, psychotherapy or a combination of both. Behavioral modification strategies can also help, such as finding ways to minimize distractions and increase your daily structure and organizational skills. Involving immediate family members can also be helpful.

What can I do to raise awareness about ADHD?

The Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD) organization recommends the following to raise awareness. 

  • Print out the NRC fact sheets on ADHD and share them with your friends and community.
  • Find additional resources on how you can increase awareness about ADHD and share them with others.
  • Host an event promoting ADHD Awareness Month or local resources for ADHD and mental health. You may want to partner with a local organization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a virtual event is the safest choice.
  • Use your social media platforms to help dispel myths about ADHD and provide facts and other helpful information.
  • Speak out. Whether commenting on a social media post, having a conversation with family or friends, volunteering at your child’s school, contacting your local news media, or even your elected officials—use your voice to foster positive education and change. Let everyone know what it is like to live with ADHD and refer them to evidence-based information they can use to help spread awareness. 

Awareness is education. The more you educate others, the more benefit you promote to those living with ADHD, especially for those who are unaware they or their child might have the disorder.

ADHD is a serious health condition that can create much adversity in a person’s life. With identification, proper treatment and support, they can be successful and have fulfilling lives. The ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center is always available to help you, whether providing resources or telepsychiatry visits with an online psychiatrist or online therapist. Contact us with questions and concerns or to make an appointment.

9 Tips on How to Take Control of Your Mental Health

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Think of your mental health as if it were part of the outside of your body, like an arm or leg. If you had an open wound, bruises, broken bone or a bad burn, you would get your injury treated. People would see your injury and know you were in pain. 

Your mental health IS part of your body. The wounds don’t look like broken bones, but they still need to be treated. And preventing those mental broken bones is just as important as maintaining your physical health, yet it often gets overlooked. 

Recognizing a Decline in Your Mental Health

We’re in the worst of a pandemic that is approaching the one year mark. The holidays are upon us with the extra stress of the pandemic. Daily life stressors are greater and your regular responsibilities can easily create a barrier to taking care of yourself when you need it most if you’re not watchful. 

Recognizing when you are experiencing a decline in your mental health can be difficult. A bruised, bleeding and throbbing knee will send you running to the medicine cabinet for a bandage and a pain reliever. This is your body’s way of flashing neon lights and screaming that something is wrong. The signs of injury to our mental health are much more subtle and can also build over a longer period of time.

There is also the stigma that still exists around mental health. When faced with the happy highlight reels on social media and the persistence of society to ignore the importance of mental health, speaking up when you have a problem may be uncomfortable or embarrassing for some people.   

 

Tips to Improve Daily Mental Health 

Making your mental health a priority is the best way to help prevent a problem before it starts or get treatment when you need it because you’ll be able to recognize when something is wrong. You’re always going to have ups and downs emotionally, and that’s okay and normal. 

However, there’s only so much stress a person can mentally handle before experiencing a decline that does not go away. Even with the limitations the COVID-19 pandemic presents, you still have many ways of keeping your mental well-being a priority.

1. Exercise

Time and motivation are two barriers to this excellent way to keep your mental health in top form. The benefits of exercise extend well beyond the physical, making this one of the most important ways to stay healthy. Exercise helps your brain release endorphins, which are hormones that create a pleasurable feeling, minimize pain sensations and promote healing. 

Your exercise routine doesn’t have to be similar to intense training for a triathlon. Find something you love – gardening, walking the dog, a dance class, yoga – and mix it up! When you like a physical activity, finding your motivation will be much easier. During the pandemic, many classes are offered in an online format, so you can stay safe at home while exercising.

If lack of motivation is still hard to overcome, start with just a small amount and add a little each day. Getting started is the hard part, but once you get going and start to feel better, getting exercise will become a healthy habit you enjoy. 

2. Eat well / get the proper nutrition

The healthier your body is, the better you feel mentally and emotionally. If you need help finding the right foods, talk to your healthcare professional or a nutritionist. Or, check out ChooseMyPlate.org. This government guide to foods and healthy eating is excellent and comes in app form as well, so you can go mobile. They have also added a section on food planning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

3. Get outside

The benefits of being outside are well documented and have been prescribed by physicians throughout history. Even in winter, take some time to enjoy being outdoors. The sun provides much-needed vitamin D for our bodies, which also plays a role in our mental well-being. Vitamin D deficiency is an issue for many people. 

Nature is soothing and slows everything down, allowing a mental break in a stressful day. If the weather permits, take your work outside for a while. Do a phone call outside. Take a 10-minute walk. Or just sit and focus on the sights and sounds around you. The stimulation for your brain may be just the thing to give you a mental boost for the day.

4. Volunteer

Volunteering feels good emotionally because you know you are helping others. When we make positive changes in others’ lives, it has a great impact on our own. This is also an opportunity to connect with others in your community. 

Being able to change a life, even in the smallest of ways, provides purpose. There are plenty of volunteer opportunities from the local to worldwide level. If you have trouble deciding, make a list of issues you are passionate about and start there. Something as simple as writing a note to someone each day to lift their spirits will lift your own as well.

5. Be kind to yourself

We all have a running mental chatter going on in our brain. Pay attention to the chatter. Is it negative in tone? Are you being hard on yourself? You may be surprised at what you “hear” when you are more mindful of your ongoing mental chatter. Change negative thoughts about yourself with purposeful positive ones. And give yourself a break! 

6. Practice mindfulness and meditation

Mindfulness is the practice of being fully aware of what’s going on around us, our senses, and being present in any moment. Being mindful takes practice, especially to not be too reactive or overwhelmed by what’s going on around us.

Research is proving that mindfulness and meditation bring many benefits to all ages. Whenever you focus on awareness of what you’re experiencing via your senses, your thoughts and your emotions, you’re being mindful. For example, you sit down to relax with a cup of tea. Feel the warmth of the mug in your hand. Feel the shape of the mug. Smell the tea. Focus on the taste as it hits your tongue. 

Meditation provides many long-term benefits, including lower stress levels, coping with pain, improved mental focus, making stronger connections with others, and being kinder to ourselves. Mindful.org provides a basic beginner’s guide to meditation. However, there are many videos and apps that also walk you through meditation and mindfulness exercises. A quick Internet search will provide a wealth of resources to help you.

7. Try something new

Trying new things creates opportunities for our brain to make new pathways and stimulates our thinking. New things also create a sense of anticipation and excitement. Try a new recipe, a new hobby, art, writing, reading a new book or new magazine, the practice of bonsai, puzzles, games. 

8. Be wary of social media

Although social media can provide a way of connecting with friends and family, especially during times of isolation, it can also create negative feelings. People tend to post only happy moments or staged pictures or what looks like a good time (they may be miserable, but smiling perfectly in that selfie). In teens, they may see friends hanging out and wonder why they weren’t invited. Other posts may incite anger or fear due to false information or just general arguing. Don’t mistake the world of social media for what you gain through true social time with friends and family.

9. Ask for help. 

If none of these tips are helping and your mood is consistently low, you may be experiencing signs and symptoms of a mental health disorder. Asking for professional help is the first step to regaining your mental health. All serious mental health problems should be discussed with your doctor, who may refer you to a specialist. There is nothing shameful about needing help for a medical problem. 

If you are experiencing a mental health crisis, call 911 immediately or visit your local emergency services.

 

The ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center is always available to help you, whether providing resources or visits with an online psychiatrist or online therapist. Contact us with questions and concerns or to make an appointment. 

The Benefits of Telepsychiatry

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What is Telepsychiatry?

Telepsychiatry is a subset of telemedicine, which is a way of providing healthcare communication other than in-person visits, such as videoconference or telephone. Telepsychiatry provides a range of services including psychiatric evaluations, patient education, therapy and management of medications.

Benefits of Telepsychiatry

Video-based telepsychiatry in particular meets important needs that may not be possible in-person, especially now during a global pandemic. Patients have needs for convenient, easily accessible and sometimes quick mental health services. Many other benefits of telepsychiatry, which include the following:

  • Bringing care to the patient’s location instead of them traveling* 
    • For adults, this means they can have a telepsychiatry appointment on their lunch hour or from home in the middle of a busy day.
    • For adolescents and children, they can log on in the safety and comfort of their own home, whether in their bedroom or even a playroom. This personal environment will help them feel more relaxed and open up while speaking with an online psychiatrist or therapist. 
  • Improving access to more mental healthcare services that might not otherwise be available due to a patient’s distant location
  • Improving continuity of care and follow-up
  • Filling prescriptions 
  • Reducing need for time off work, childcare services and travel time and costs required to attend in person visit
  • Reducing transportation barriers, such as lack of transport to and from appointments
  • Reducing trips to the emergency room for emergency mental healthcare
  • Reducing delays in care with faster and easier access
  • Reducing barrier of mental health stigma

Some people may feel odd talking to an online therapist through a screen or monitor; however, research has shown that most people are comfortable with telepsychiatry, and the practice of online meetings is becoming more commonplace in all areas of life. 

Although telepsychiatry has the perceived disadvantage of the patient and psychiatrist not being in the same room, it can create enhanced feelings of safety, security and privacy for many patients. Once a connection and trust is established, the possibility of moving to in-office visit (for local NJ residents) is a possibility, if preferred. 

*Online psychiatrists and other clinicians must be licensed in the state(s) where the patient is living. State licensing boards and legislatures view the location of the patient as the place where “the practice of medicine” occurs.

Is Telepsychiatry Effective? 

There is a large amount of evidence supporting the effectiveness of telepsychiatry. Patients satisfaction has been found to be high, as well as psychiatrist and other mental healthcare professionals. Research has also shown good overall experiences among all age groups. Telepsychiatry has been found to equal in-person care in these areas: 

  • Privacy
  • Confidentiality
  • Quality of Care
  • Patient satisfaction
  • Diagnostic accuracy
  • Treatment effectiveness

APA Position Statement on Telemedicine in Psychiatry

Telemedicine in psychiatry, using video conferencing, is a validated and effective practice of medicine that increases access to care. The American Psychiatric Association supports the use of telemedicine as a legitimate component of a mental health delivery system to the extent that its use is for the benefit of the patient, protects patient autonomy, confidentiality, and privacy; and when used consistent with APA policies on medical ethics and applicable governing law (APA Committee on Telepsychiatry, Approved February 2018).

The ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center is always available to help you, whether providing resources or visits with an online psychiatrist or online therapist. Contact us with questions and concerns or to make an appointment. 

How to Prepare Your Child to Go Back to School Online

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As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, many schools have opted to function completely online or in a hybrid format, with some days of in-person learning and the rest online. This format is new to most schools, parents and children. This new way of educating children is daunting enough for parents, but especially challenging for parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Now, children must face an extended period of no socialization with their friends and peers, canceled sports, clubs and other activities, and being stuck at home for months without any assurance of a date that they can get back to “normal.” They may be having to face a new normal that looks different than the comfort of their past routines, except that no vision of what this new normal will be is available.

 

Impact of COVID-19 on Children’s Lives

Having our regular routine disrupted unsettles all of us. Anxiety, mood, ability to learn and more are all affected. When a scary pandemic is the cause, our emotional and mental reactions are even more heightened. Frustration and confusion are common. Just having the news on can cause anxiety in an adult, but for children, it may cause even more confusion and fear. 

Take care of your family and your community. Stopping the spread of COVID-19 is the bottom line. Follow whatever guidelines are being made, from reputable sources like the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In those areas of COVID-19 “hot spots,” stay home if you can and keep your children at home unless necessary to leave. If you have to go out, wear a mask, be sure your children properly wear a mask, and stay at least six feet away from other people. For most kids, unfortunately, that means not getting together in person with friends for now as well as canceled sports, clubs and other social activities.

 

Challenges of Uncertainty for Children, Especially Children with ADHD

Children mentally process things differently than adults. Uncertainty is abstract for kids. Be realistic but also reassuring about the pandemic and how it personally affects them and your family. Encourage discussion often and questions. Children often need straightforward answers to their questions first. Avoid oversharing and flooding with facts. Then wait and see what further questions your responses elicit. Answer those in the same way—brief and to the point, honest, and reassuring.

 

Using Mindfulness to Normalize Mood

Though you can’t change the pandemic and school situation, you can work on keeping your children mentally settled. Trying mindfulness may help normalize their daily lives. Mindfulness builds resilience during stressful and difficult times by giving deliberate attention to how we relate to what is happening in our lives each moment. 

The level to which you can employ mindfulness with children depends on age. Teenagers are likely to be able to fully grasp the concept and practice on their own. Younger children may need more planting of seeds of mindfulness, where you normalize the experience of awareness. Then the practice of mindfulness grows over time. 

If your child is receptive to the idea, set aside a few minutes a day to start for a mindfulness practice. Don’t force it as this may make your child resist the idea completely. Find a guided practice online if needed, or a book or app. Make it a family activity and schedule mindfulness “breaks” during the day and evening.

For kids (and parents), focus on keeping mood or emotions close to neutral. Think of mood on a scale of one to 10. A settled, calm, “normalized” mood is a five. You and your child will slide a bit over and a bit under and that’s normal. What you want to avoid is a huge swing one way or the other, closer or at a one or a 10. Big swings can lead to heightened emotions and distraction.

There is nothing you need to expect to happen. The purpose is to gently guide children back to their present awareness when they get distracted. Keep mindfulness breaks unforced and fun, and let the practice develop at its own pace. 

 

Schedule, Schedule, Schedule

Create structure and routine. Both adults and children are happier with a daily schedule. For families, post it somewhere for everyone to see, whether on a piece of paper or using an online family calendar. Posting a hard copy will be easier for younger children who do not have access to an online calendar or know how to use one.

  1. Exercise. Our mental health is connected to our physical routines. Exercise daily, even if your children complain. Regular exercise has a positive outcome on mood, energy level, learning and more. 
  2. Sleep. A consistent routine of wake up and bedtimes encourages better sleep.
  3. Eat healthy. Don’t use food as bribes or to keep kids happy. Stick with a balanced diet. 
  4. Limit screen time. The more screen time kids have the more wound up and agitated children get. No limits lead to arguing with you over putting a device away. Set a total amount of time or a set time period during the day and stick to it. 
  5. Keep up with relationships. One place screen time is very useful and helpful is in sustaining relationships with friends and family. Support is there for you and children when you reach out regularly during this challenging time.
  6. Create a chore schedule to keep to reduce the stress of a messy home, keep a routine and teach responsibility.
  7. Schedule and prioritize everything else if you wish, like family time, outdoor time, hobbies, art, etc.

 

Adjusting to Virtual School 

Almost all kids can get off-track or miss details without strong adult supervision and guidance. Expect your child will need additional home supervision and guidance while working online. The success of online learning in previously in-person learning environments is unknown, and some to many teachers have little experience in this area. There will be a learning curve for students, parents and teachers. Try not to form preconceived ideas of how much progress will be made during this initial learning curve. 

If your child has ADHD, remember he or she has difficulty with self-management and lag behind the non-ADHD norm. Children with ADHD need more structure and direct involvement than their peers to complete online work. Inform your child’s teacher and work with your child’s teachers and administrators and counselors to keep an open line of communication. Your child may have an Individual Education Plan (IEP). Contact the school to see how this will impact your child with online learning. Ask for support early and often, and if your child is still struggling, ask your school’s counselor or administrator for advice on what to try next or additional resources.

Your school will likely send out a supply list. If you don’t receive one, ask the teacher. Even though they are learning at home, your child will need many items for the virtual learning to support his or her learning and classroom lessons.

Find out what virtual classroom platform your school will be using. Get comfortable with using it so you can help your child when needed. If your school is not offering tutorials and your child needs one, you can find many online. Many schools are using Zoom, which can record class sessions for students who are unable to attend due to family obligations or other scheduling conflicts or who wish or need to review the material again at a later time.

Ideally, students should have access to learning anytime, anywhere. Teachers of younger students may also work with families to determine the specific needs of their children, including built-in time for completing assignments away from the computer that may differ from what is given in the daily schedules.

 

Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning

Synchronous learning takes place in real-time with a group and the teacher either live in person or live via videoconferencing, such as Zoom meetings.

Positives:

  • Frequent live interaction with teachers and peers
  • Questions can be answered quickly
  • Feedback is immediate
  • Closest format achievable in a virtual setting to replicate in-person learning

Challenges:

  • Less flexible schedule; students need to be online at specific times to learn
  • Feedback given in a large group setting may not be specific to each child

Asynchronous learning is anytime, anywhere learning that provides students with structured and engaging independent practice and possibly pre-recorded lessons. Examples include independent reading, video lessons, online assignments and discussion boards.

Positives:

  • Students choose the time and place that they learn
  • Students have more time to review and reflect on their learning
  • Students can follow the learning pathway in whatever way meets their personal learning needs
  • Many traditional learning strategies such as group discussions, individual student conferences and assessments are accessible in an online format 

Challenges:

  • Students need a degree of self-motivation or adult support to stay on task
  • Presents additional challenges for ADHD children and their parents
  • Lack of live interaction with others

 

Setting up Your Home School Environment

  • Set aside a time for school. This may be dictated by your school except for offline learning activities (asynchronous learning), which you will have to schedule.
  • Create a dedicated school work area for your child with a minimum of distraction. Take away phones, turn off TVs and music and shut down anything else that is distracting. 
  • At the start of the day, check school assignments posted online. Make a to-do list from it. Play time must wait until that list is complete.
  • Supervise schoolwork. You are a parent, not a teacher, but most kids need an adult around to stay efficient. Kids have immature self-management skills by definition and ADHD kids have even less self-management skills and computers are distracting to even adults.
  • Use timers if necessary. Children may find it easier to focus and behave if they know when a break is due. If not already defined by the teacher, define for your child what he or she is to do at the start of each work period. For example, for the next 20 minutes, do only this math sheet. Make the timer visible to them.
  • End each school day by having your child clean and organize his or her work space, just as it would be in school. 
  • Emphasize “recess” daily. Remember the benefits of exercise, as this will help your child learn.
  • Encourage reading to promote academic success. Read with your kids and have them read alone. They can even read aloud to pets. Schedule it each day. 
  • Limit non-school screen time, as mentioned earlier.

 

For middle school and high school students:

  • Focus on behavior management instead of “brain breaks.” When it comes to middle and high schoolers with ADHD, they need help sustaining their motivation and attention versus preventing learning burnout (which is where “brain breaks” come into play in the classroom or live online environment). Getting these students engaged to start with may be the most challenging aspect at home.
  • Choose the best time and place to remove distractions from their environment. Though having a dedicated work space is very helpful, a change of scenery may be useful if they are having trouble staying focused. If it’s nice outside, perhaps a school day outside in fresh air is an option.
  • Allow teens to use electronics (usually their phone) for fun only if they have completed all of their academic tasks for the day. Parents will need to develop a strategy of how they can monitor student performance consistently. Some schools have academic parent “portals” and even text and email reminders of assignments that are due, what is outstanding, what has been turned in and grades. Check if your school uses this extremely helpful tool and sign up.
  • Help your teens plan out their work in advance and use time management strategies. 
  • Dividing their work into smaller chunks is helpful while being sure they are aware of expectations. Then monitor whether it’s completed.
  • Recognize and praise your teens for staying on-task and getting work done. 
  • Refrain from micromanaging or taking over for them. This behavior is tempting for many parents, especially when they become impatient and have their own work to get done. 
  • Do not give in to attempts to get out of work.

 

This school year is going to be challenging for everyone, with extra challenges for children with ADHD and their parents. The ADHD, Mood & Behavior Center is always available to help you, whether providing resources or visits with an online psychiatrist or online therapist. Contact us with questions and concerns or to make an appointment.